hospital readmissions Archives - Safety-Net Association of Pennsylvania

New Study Questions 30-Day Readmissions as Measure of Hospital Quality

Hospital readmissions within 30 days of discharge may not be a good way of judging the quality of care hospitals provide, a new study suggests.
Seven days may be more like it.
According to a new study published in the journal Health Affairs, the impact of the quality of care a hospital provides appears to be most evident immediately upon patients’ discharge from the hospital.
Further, the study suggests,

… most readmissions after the seventh day postdischarge were explained by community- and household-level factors beyond hospitals’ control.

The researchers’ conclusion?

Shorter intervals of seven or fewer days might improve the accuracy and equity of readmissions as a measure of hospital quality for public accountability.

The findings call into question the approach employed by Medicare through its’ hospital readmissions reduction program. Some of the issues the study cites – community and household factors – are the very kinds of challenges that Pennsylvania’s safety-net hospitals face far more often than the typical community hospital in the state.
To learn more about how the study was performed and what its implications might be, go here to see the Health Affairs study “Rethinking Thirty-Day Hospital Readmissions: Shorter Intervals Might Be Better Indicators Of Quality Of Care.’

PA Safety Net Admin2016-10-12T06:00:20+00:00October 12th, 2016|Medicare, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals|Comments Off

CMS Proposes Changes in Terms of Medicare, Medicaid Provider Participation

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has proposed changes in the terms under which hospitals may participate in Medicare and Medicaid.
Among those changes, hospitals must:

establish an infection prevention and control program with qualified leaders
establish an antibiotic stewardship program with qualified leaders
establish policies prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, general, sexual orientation, age, and disability
incorporate readmission and hospital-acquired conditions information into their Quality Assessment and Performance Improvement program
improve their medical record-keeping and provide for patient access to those records

Learn more what CMS has proposed and why it has proposed it in this CMS news release and this CMS fact sheet. CMS is accepting comments about the proposed changes until August 15. Find a link to the proposed rule itself here.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-06-28T06:00:07+00:00June 28th, 2016|Medicare|Comments Off

Socio-Economic Factors Leading Cause in Pediatric Asthma Readmissions

African-American children suffering from asthma are readmitted to hospitals more often than other children primarily because of socio-economic factors, a new study published in JAMA Pediatrics has concluded.
In a study conducted in Cincinnati, according to the report, “Socioeconomic hardship variables explained 53% of the observed disparity” in readmissions among African-American children with asthma. The study also found that

A total of 80% of the observed readmission disparity between African American and white children could be explained after statistically balancing available biologic, environmental, disease management, access to care, and socioeconomic and hardship variables across racial groups.

These findings are especially relevant to Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals because the communities they serve often have especially large numbers of low-income and low-income African-American children.
Read more about the study, its findings, and its implications in the JAMA Pediatrics article “Explaining Racial Disparities in Child Asthma Readmission Using a Causal Inference Approach, “which can be found here.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-05-19T06:00:21+00:00May 19th, 2016|Uncategorized|Comments Off

Hospitals Turn to Community Health Workers to Prevent Readmissions

It’s a new twist on an old concept: employ peers of low-income patients to go out into the community and work with those recently hospitalized to ensure that they are getting the care and assistance they need to recover from their illnesses and injuries.
Traditionally employed by local health departments and other government agencies, community health workers are increasingly being hired by hospitals to reach out to challenging patients and help prevent readmissions to the hospitals for which Medicare (through its hospital readmissions reduction program), and increasingly state Medicaid programs as well, penalize them.
And the early results are encouraging: some hospitals that employ community health workers have lowered their Medicare readmissions and avoided federal penalties.
Among the challenges hospitals face in employing such an approach is how to pay for community health workers. Some do so out of operating funds; others receive foundation grants; some have obtained funding from the federal government and some through enhanced Medicaid payments for this purpose; and even health insurers, lured by the prospect of reducing the cost of claims, have started helping.
For a closer look at how community health workers are helping hospitals keep their patients healthier and out of the hospital, see the Kaiser Health News report “Hospitals Eye Community Health Workers to Cultivate Patient Success.”

PA Safety Net Admin2016-04-15T06:00:04+00:00April 15th, 2016|Medicare|Comments Off

Socio-Economic Factors Again Tied to Hospital Readmissions

Another study has linked socio-economic factors to increased hospital readmissions.
This latest study, published in the Journal for Healthcare Quality, found that

… meaningful risk-adjusted readmission rates can be tracked in a dynamic database. The clinical conditions responsible for the index admission were the strongest predictive factor of readmissions, but factors such as age and accompanying comorbid conditions were also important. Socioeconomic factors, such as race, income, and payer status, also showed strong statistical significance in predicting readmissions.

Conclusions: Payment models that are based on stratified comparisons might result in a more equitable payment system while at the same time providing transparency regarding disparities based on these factors. No model, yet available, discriminates potentially modifiable readmissions from those not subject to intervention highlighting the fact that the optimum readmission rate for any given condition is yet to be identified.

The study found that low-income patients are more likely to require readmission to the hospital than those with higher incomes and hospitals that serve higher proportions of low-income patients are more likely to incur Medicare penalties for readmissions than other hospitals.
These are the very patients served in especially large numbers by Pennsylvania’s private safety-net hospitals.
To learn more about the study, how it was conducted, and what it found, find the study “Patient Factors Predictive of Hospital Readmissions Within 30 Days” here, on the web site of the Journal for Healthcare Quality.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-03-25T06:00:42+00:00March 25th, 2016|Medicare, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals|Comments Off

Hospitals Failing to Prevent Avoidable Readmissions

Hospitals continue to fail to prevent many avoidable readmissions, a new study in JAMA Internal Medicine has concluded.
Among the causes? Patients who shouldn’t have been admitted through the ER in the first place, post-discharge instructions written at too high a level for patients, failure of patients to keep follow-up appointments, and hospitals discharging patients too soon.
Two of those causes – hard-to-understand discharge instructions and difficulty keeping follow-up appointments – as problems that are especially prevalent within the kinds of communities served by Pennsylvania’s safety-net hospitals.
In all, the study of 12 academic medical centers concluded that 15 percent of readmissions were preventable, 12 percent were likely unpreventable, and there was about a 50 percent chance of preventing another 15 percent of readmissions.
For a look at the problems the study identified and its recommendations for addressing them, go here to see the JAMA Internal Medicine article “Preventability and Causes of Readmissions in a National Cohort of General Medicine Patients.”

PA Safety Net Admin2016-03-17T06:00:09+00:00March 17th, 2016|Uncategorized|Comments Off

Readmissions Down But Observation Status Up

New research suggests that the general decline in hospital readmissions may be leading to increased use of observation status.
According to new research in the journal Health Affairs,

Our independent analysis of Medicare data published by CMS revealed that the top 10 percent of hospitals with the largest drop (16 percent on average) in readmission rates between 2011 and 2012 also increased their use of observation status for Medicare patients returning within 30 days by an average 25 percent over the same time period.

The practice appears to be affecting privately insured patients, too, with the report noting that

…hospitals that reduced readmissions within 30 days also increased their share of returning observation patients in private plans. The top third of hospitals with the largest six-year (2009-2014) reduction in 30 day readmissions (26 percent on average) increased their share of returning observation patients in private plans by an average of 45 percent (Figure 2). Much of that increase started in 2012, the same year that Medicare hospital readmission penalties began.

The report concludes that

Our findings suggest that at least some hospitals are substituting observation status for inpatient readmissions, both for Medicare and privately insured patients. These trends raise a number of questions. For instance, do observation patients get the same quality of care as inpatients? Further, do drops in readmission rates truly mean that hospitals are providing better quality care? Or… is it merely that some hospitals are avoiding penalties by relabeling patients they previously would have readmitted as observation patients?

Learn more about the study, its findings, and its potential implications in the article “Is Observation Status Substituting For Hospital Readmission?” here, on the Health Affairs web site.

PA Safety Net Admin2015-11-11T06:00:09+00:00November 11th, 2015|Medicare|Comments Off

Unemployment Plays Major Role in Hospital Readmissions

A new study has found that employment status is the leading socioeconomic indicator of hospital readmissions for patients who have suffered heart attacks, heart failure, and pneumonia.
Using 2011 and 2012 data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, researchers examined readmissions for these conditions based on nine factors that constitute what is known as the Community Needs Index: elderly poverty, single parent poverty, child poverty, lack of health insurance, minority, no high school, renting, unemployment, and limited English. Their analysis found that only employment status and lack of high school education were statistically significant predictors of hospital readmissions for the three conditions studied, with employment status more than three times as powerful an indicator as lack of high school education.
High unemployment is typically a major problem in the communities served by Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals.
Learn more about the study in this Fierce Healthcare report and see the study itself here.

PA Safety Net Admin2014-12-19T06:00:57+00:00December 19th, 2014|Uncategorized|Comments Off

Homelessness and Safety-Net Hospitals

Homeless people with serious medical problems are more likely than others to be readmitted to hospitals – and especially, to safety-net hospitals – during their convalescence from illnesses and injuries.
This is one of the conclusions in the recently published Journal of Community Health Nursing article “Assessing the Needs for a Medical Respite: Perceptions of Service Providers and Homeless Persons.”
According the study, homeless people lack safe places to convalesce. Shelters do not suffice, the study found, because they are not open around the clock and lack staff qualified to support recovery. The homeless also report that their drugs are often stolen in shelters and they are vulnerable to infections while staying in them.
As a result, many of these patients end up being readmitted to the safety-net hospitals that originally treated them – often, for extended periods of time. Among others, this poses a real challenge for Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals because they serve so many more homeless patients than the typical hospital.
In more than 70 cities across the country, respite care facilities have been established to serve the homeless recovering from serious injuries and illnesses.
Learn more about the challenges facing homeless patients and the role safety-net hospitals play in addressing those challenges in this Dallas Morning News story and find the Journal of Community Health Nursing article here.

PA Safety Net Admin2014-12-09T06:00:10+00:00December 9th, 2014|Uncategorized|Comments Off

Readmissions and Poverty

At a time when Medicare and many state Medicaid programs are attempting to penalize hospitals when patients are readmitted shortly after they were discharged, researchers have found that some of those readmissions are linked to factors beyond hospitals’ control.
According to research presented recently at the American Heart Association’s Quality of Care & Outcomes Research Scientific Sessions 2012, differences in regional readmission rates are more closely tied to socioeconomic factors and access to care than they are to hospitals’ performance.
Researchers found that nine percent of regional variation in hospital readmission rates can be tied to patients’ poverty. Access to care, based on the availability of doctors and hospital beds, can be tied to 17 percent of regional variation in readmission rates.
The Safety-Net Association of Pennsylvania (SNAP) has long maintained that the low-income patients safety-net hospitals serve in especially large numbers come to them fundamentally sicker than typical hospital patients and require more resources and more effort to treat. This research appears to support this contention.
Read more about the research in this news release from the American Hospital Association.

PA Safety Net Admin2012-05-14T09:25:32+00:00May 14th, 2012|Safety-Net Association of Pennsylvania|Comments Off

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