Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals Archives - Page 12 of 14 - Safety-Net Association of Pennsylvania

Covered by Medicare But Underinsured

Nearly a quarter of the country’s 50 million Medicare beneficiaries are underinsured and ill-equipped financially to handle the program’s cost-sharing responsibilities.
Or so concludes a new report from the Commonwealth Fund.
According to the report, Medicare’s cost-sharing requirements – premiums, co-pays, deductibles, and services not covered by the program, such as dental and vision care – far outstrip the resources of more than 11 million low-income program participants, leaving many to spend more than 20 percent of their income on health care costs.
In its new report “On Medicare But At Risk: A State-Level Analysis of Beneficiaries Who Are Underinsured or Facing High Total Cost Burdens,” the Commonwealth Fund describes the health care costs Medicare does and does not cover, defines what constitutes “underinsured” and ill-equipped to handle health care costs, delineates the out-of-pocket costs for which beneficiaries are responsible, and offers a state-by-state breakdown of where the uninsured can be found and the proportion of total income they spend on medical services.
Because they serve communities with especially large numbers of low-income residents, Pennsylvania’s safety-net hospitals care for disproportionate numbers of such underinsured Medicare patients. As a result, they face the prospect of providing significant amounts of uncollectible uncompensated care as a result of Medicare patients who cannot afford their co-pays and deductibles.
Find the Commonwealth Fund report here.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-05-16T06:00:34+00:00May 16th, 2016|Medicare, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals|Comments Off

PA Medicaid: One Year, 625,000 New Beneficiaries

Last week marked the one-year anniversary of Pennsylvania’s Affordable Care Act-authorized expansion of its Medicaid program.
In that year, nearly 625,000 Pennsylvanians enrolled in the program.
Among them,

46 percent are under the age of 35
109,000 are parents
300,000 are employed

pa healthchoices regions
If past Medicaid utilization patterns hold true, most of these new Medicaid beneficiaries will receive most of their health care benefits from the state’s private safety-net hospitals.
Learn more about Pennsylvania’s Medicaid expansion, who has taken advantage of it, and how the program has changed in the past three years in this state news release.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-05-04T06:00:05+00:00May 4th, 2016|Affordable Care Act, Pennsylvania Medicaid, Pennsylvania Medicaid policy, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals|Comments Off

Academy Offers Practices to Improve Care for Disadvantaged Patients

The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine has published a new report that acknowledges the challenges faced by hospitals that care for socio-economically challenged patients and offers suggestions for how to serve those patients more effectively.
The report, Systems Practices for the Care of Socially At-Risk Populations, is the second in a projected series of five reports on the subject.
The study notes that

Emerging evidence suggests that providers disproportionately serving patients with social risk factors for poor health outcomes may be more likely to fare poorly on quality rankings and to receive financial penalties, and less likely to receive financial rewards.

Because the study did not include any original empirical research and is based instead on literature reviews and case studies, the Academy declined to suggest best practices for serving this challenging population but did offer six recommendations for improving care to socio-economically disadvantaged communities:

Commitment to health equity. Value and promote health equity and hold yourself accountable.
Data and measurement. Understand your population’s health, risk factors, and patterns of care.
Comprehensive needs assessment. Identify, anticipate, and respond to clinical and social needs.
Collaborative partnerships. Collaborate within and across provider teams and service sectors to deliver care.
Care continuity. Plan care and transitions in care to prepare for patients’ changing clinical and social needs.
Engaging patients in their care. Design individualized care to promote the health of individuals in the community setting.

The study also acknowledged the importance of adequate provider (primarily Medicare) payments in serving such a challenging population:

Both the availability of resources and alignment of financial incentives are prerequisites for the adoption and sustainability of these practices…Resources can provide the incentives to reduce disparities by targeting interventions at socially at-risk populations and incorporating equitable care and outcomes into accountability processes. Interventions that improve health and quality of care or reduce utilization and cost are only sustainable if the provider’s profits are higher with the intervention than without. Most of the efforts presented by the committee involve fixed costs and potentially shared benefits across multiple payers, so their economic feasibility depends on Medicare’s payment system and that of other payers. Environments in which a greater share of a provider’s revenue derives from payments related to health outcomes will make it more sustainable for them to invest in programs that improve quality and reduce cost.

The communities described in the report are the very types of communities Pennsylvania’s safety-net hospitals serve.
To learn more about what the Academy learned and what it has recommended, go here to see its news release accompanying publication of the report and go here to see the report itself.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-04-12T06:00:50+00:00April 12th, 2016|Medicare, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals, Uncategorized|Comments Off

Safety-Net Hospitals’ Readmissions Challenge

The March edition of the journal Health Affairs offers a compelling snapshot of a type of patient many safety-net hospitals serve on an almost daily basis: the “superutilizer” who lacks the ability and resources to address his own medical needs.
The article “Mr. G And The Revolving Door: Breaking The Readmission Cycle At A Safety-Net Hospital” tells the story of a patient who

…had been using drugs and alcohol since his teenage years, and he was addicted to crack cocaine and alcohol…He had been released from prison six months before we first met him, without any basic resources to help him transition back into society – not even a state ID. Lacking this fundamental necessity, he could not apply for state health insurance or a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program card to receive food stamps. As an ex-felon with no income, he couldn’t find a place to live. He told us he was living on the streets, where he spent his days panhandling and using the money he got to buy tacos from street vendors and hash browns from McDonald’s.

Mr. G’s first several admissions to our hospital were similar. He would walk into the emergency department, unable to breathe, and would be admitted to the hospital for treatment related to heart failure. He had a complex medical history including diabetes and extremely poor heart function – which was complicated by a clot in his heart that required the chronic use of blood thinners. Furthermore, he suffered from schizophrenia.

The hospital faced a problem in addition to caring for Mr. G.

The problem with Mr. G’s admissions, aside from their drain on hospital resources, is that to motivate hospitals to improve care, Medicare penalizes hospitals for certain patients who are readmitted within thirty days. This policy assumes that all patients have the means and internal resources to care for themselves effectively and that hospitals, by simply adhering to best practices of medical management, can avoid redundant care. Medicare fails to consider the complications imposed by poverty and the significant burden safety-net hospitals face in trying to address overwhelming social issues.

A typical admission was set in motion by Mr. G’s nonadherence to his medications, poor diet, substance abuse, or a combination of the three. With each admission, additional problems and complications cropped up that extended his stay.

The problems continue, and the article explains that

Patients like Mr. G frustrate health care providers. These patients are often dismissed as being nonadherent, and their psychosocial needs go unrecognized. Their daily challenges are compounded by poverty, mental illness, substance abuse, lack of social support, lack of transportation, and unstable housing. These factors – and other social determinants of health – set the stage for poor health outcomes in patients with low socioeconomic status.

The article concludes by noting that

Current health care policy emphasizes the reduction of readmissions but does not support the time and resources needed to achieve this goal. As the basis for payment shifts from volume to value, it will become exceedingly expensive to continue ignoring the social determinants of health.

To learn more about Mr. G, the hospital that served him, and the challenges Pennsylvania’s safety-net hospitals face when serving patients CMS has labeled “superutilizers,” go here, to the web site of the journal Health Affairs, to see the complete article “Mr. G And The Revolving Door: Breaking The Readmission Cycle At A Safety-Net Hospital.”

PA Safety Net Admin2016-04-06T06:00:21+00:00April 6th, 2016|Affordable Care Act, Medicare, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals|Comments Off

Group Organizes Advocacy in Support of 340B Program

Under pressure from federal regulators and MedPAC, the advocacy group 340B Health is attempting to rally hospital groups behind the 340B prescription drug discount program that requires pharmaceutical companies to provide discounts to qualified hospitals for drugs dispensed on an outpatient basis to Medicaid patients.
Last year the Health Resources and Services Administration, which runs the program, issued proposed regulations that would change how the program operates and is governed. Recently, MedPAC proposed reducing the size of the discount hospitals receive for the drugs, with the savings to be redirected to fund additional Medicare disproportionate share (Medicare DSH) payments for selected hospitals.
More than 2100 organizations participate in the 340B program, including most Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals.
For a closer look at the 340B program, the changes that have been proposed, and what hospitals are attempting to do about it, see this report from CQ Roll Call presented by the Commonwealth Fund.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-03-31T06:00:37+00:00March 31st, 2016|Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals|Comments Off

Socio-Economic Factors Again Tied to Hospital Readmissions

Another study has linked socio-economic factors to increased hospital readmissions.
This latest study, published in the Journal for Healthcare Quality, found that

… meaningful risk-adjusted readmission rates can be tracked in a dynamic database. The clinical conditions responsible for the index admission were the strongest predictive factor of readmissions, but factors such as age and accompanying comorbid conditions were also important. Socioeconomic factors, such as race, income, and payer status, also showed strong statistical significance in predicting readmissions.

Conclusions: Payment models that are based on stratified comparisons might result in a more equitable payment system while at the same time providing transparency regarding disparities based on these factors. No model, yet available, discriminates potentially modifiable readmissions from those not subject to intervention highlighting the fact that the optimum readmission rate for any given condition is yet to be identified.

The study found that low-income patients are more likely to require readmission to the hospital than those with higher incomes and hospitals that serve higher proportions of low-income patients are more likely to incur Medicare penalties for readmissions than other hospitals.
These are the very patients served in especially large numbers by Pennsylvania’s private safety-net hospitals.
To learn more about the study, how it was conducted, and what it found, find the study “Patient Factors Predictive of Hospital Readmissions Within 30 Days” here, on the web site of the Journal for Healthcare Quality.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-03-25T06:00:42+00:00March 25th, 2016|Medicare, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals|Comments Off

Cutting ER Visits: Harder Than Expected

The first two years of major expansion of access to health insurance under the Affordable Care Act did not produce the significant reduction in hospital ER visits that many expected.
Or so reports a new study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
According to the CDC, even though eight million people gained health insurance under the health reform law in 2013 and 2014, ER visit rates changed little.
Still, the CDC survey found some progress: visits among Medicaid patients and the uninsured fell slightly, although Medicaid patents still frequent hospital ERs more than the privately insured.
Among those who did visit the ER, many said their primary care practice was not open at the time or that the ER was the only provider to which they felt they had access to care. In addition, many who made ER return visits reported doing so because of local government reductions of behavior health services options.
Because they are located in low-income communities, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals typically have far more ER visits than the average hospital.
Learn more about changing rates of ER visits during the first years under the Affordable Care Act in this Fierce Healthcare article or go here to see the CDC report Reasons for Emergency Room Use Among U.S. Adults Aged 18–64: National Health Interview Survey, 2013 and 2014.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-02-23T06:00:12+00:00February 23rd, 2016|Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals, Uncategorized|Comments Off

DSH/340B Hospitals Have Lower Medicare Drug Costs

Medicare disproportionate share (Medicare DSH) hospitals that qualify for the federal 340B prescription drug discount program have lower Medicare Part B drug costs than other Medicare providers.
So concludes a new study performed for 340B Health, an association that represents more 1100 public and non-profit hospitals and health systems that participate in the 340B drug pricing program.
According to the organization 340B Health,

Medicare pays disproportionate share hospitals in the 340B drug discount program on average 13 percent less for separately payable drugs reimbursed through Medicare Part B. This is in comparison to what it pays other hospitals and physician practices in the Part B market. The study also shows that 340B DSH hospitals are treating more vulnerable patients than other providers in terms of race, age, disability, and dual eligibility.

The study also found that 340B-eligible hospitals are

Nearly four times as likely as non-340B providers to treat patients with end-stage renal disease
More than twice as likely to treat patients dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid
More than twice as likely to treat patients who are disabled
More than twice as likely to treat Black, Hispanic, and North American Native patients

All of Pennsylvania’s safety-net hospitals are Medicare DSH hospitals and many participate in the 340B prescription drug pricing program as well.
For a closer look at the study and its findings, go here to see a 340B Health news release on the study and go here to see the study Analysis of Separately Billable Part B Drug Use Among 340B DSH Hospitals and Non-340B Providers.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-02-19T06:00:39+00:00February 19th, 2016|Medicare, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals|Comments Off

MACPAC: Medicaid DSH Payments Not Always Reaching Targeted Providers

In many cases, Medicaid disproportionate share payments (Medicaid DSH) are being made to hospitals that do not necessarily serve especially large proportions of Medicaid and other low-income patients.
So concludes a new report from The Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission (MACPAC), is a non-partisan legislative branch agency that performs policy and data analysis and makes recommendations to Congress, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the states on issues affecting Medicaid and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP).
According to a new MACPAC report,

Medicaid DSH payments provide substantial support to safety-net hospitals by helping to offset uncompensated care costs for Medicaid and uninsured patients. In 2014, Medicaid made a total of $18 billion in DSH payments ($8 billion in state funds and $10 billion in federal funds). About half of all U.S. hospitals receive such payments, with most going to hospitals that serve a particularly high share of Medicaid and other low-income patients, known as deemed DSH hospitals. But more than one-third of DSH payments are made to hospitals that do not meet this standard.

To remedy this problem, MACPAC recommends more and better data collection, noting that

The current variation in state DSH allotments stems from the variations that existed in state DSH spending in 1992.

Medicaid DSH has long been a subject of great interest to Pennsylvania’s safety-net hospitals because, serving so many Medicaid and low-income patients, they are the very providers for which Medicaid DSH payments have always been intended.
The MACPAC analysis Report to Congress on Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital Payments covers a broad range of Medicaid DSH-related issues. Find it here, on the MACPAC web site.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-02-08T06:00:14+00:00February 8th, 2016|Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals, Uncategorized|Comments Off

Report on Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payments

As Medicare continues to move toward making provider payments based on patient outcomes rather than services provided, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has issued a new report on the potential impact of socio-economic factors on those patient outcomes.
The report, commissioned by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is based on a literature search and identifies five socio-economic risk factors that could affect Medicare patient outcomes and quality measures: socio-economic status; race, ethnicity, and cultural context; gender; social relationships; and residential and community context. HHS asked the Academies to look into this issue because of the growing perception that Medicare payment policies may be unfair to providers that care for especially large numbers of socio-economically disadvantaged Medicare patients. This is the very kind of challenge that Pennsylvania’s safety-net hospitals face because of the especially large numbers of low-income patients they serve.
The Academies report, Accounting for Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payment: Identifying Social Risk Factors (2016), is the first of an expected five Academies reports on the subject. The second report will identify best practices in serving socio-economically disadvantaged communities; the third will seek to identify factors that are and are not within providers’ control; the fourth will present recommendations; and the fifth, expected in 2019, will summarize the first four.
Find the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payment: Identifying Social Risk Factors (2016) here, on the Academies’ web site.

PA Safety Net Admin2016-01-25T06:00:01+00:00January 25th, 2016|Medicare, Pennsylvania safety-net hospitals, Uncategorized|Comments Off

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